🔬 Bred Phage

A phage that has been subject to selection such as for modification in host range.

by Stephen T. Abedon Ph.D. Steve Abedon, Ph.D., has taught well over 100 individual classes and ~10 individual courses (including introductory biology, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) over his 30+ years as a college professor. He has over 150 publications, including multiple monographs, and is ranked in the top 1 or 2 percent among researchers of all disciplines worldwide. His research focuses on bacteriophage biology and phage therapy. (abedon.1@osu.edu)

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About this entry: Bred Phage is one of a growing set of phage biology and phage therapy terms defined here. For more phage terms, see Abedon, S.T. (2025). Phage Therapy Annotated Glossary. Preprints.org. 10.20944/preprints202508.0347.v1
To share a particular section, use the 🔗 link beside its heading, which copies a web address that opens the page right there. To cite this page: Abedon, S.T. (2026). Phage Terms. terms.phage.org.  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20173633

phage.org/terms/bred_phage.html  ·  Abedon’s Books  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20173633

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Bred Phage: A phage that has been subject to selection such as for modification in host range.
Also in the Phage Therapy Annotated Glossary: see the entry “Bred Phage (Evolved Phage, Trained Phage, Phage Training)” (p. 17). Read the Glossary · Abedon, S.T. (2025). Preprints.org. doi:10.20944/preprints202508.0347.v1

Discussion

Note the complementarity between on the one hand bacteriophage-insensitive mutants – which are bacteria, a.k.a., BIMs – and bred phages on the other if breeding results in alteration in phage host range. That is, BIMs are phage-escape mutants whereas phages can be bred to overcome this resistance.

Breeding of phages is essentially equivalent to experimental adaptation of phages to particular conditions or hosts. This is a process that phagologists have been subjecting phages to almost since the discovery of phages, whether as a means of increasing phage virulence or related efforts to modify phage host range.

Phage breeding can involve serial passage of phages. Another example of this process is the selection for phages that resist elimination from blood as mediated by the mouse reticuloendothelial system (a.k.a., mononuclear phagocytic system).

For further consideration of phage breeding, especially from a more microbial population biology/evolutionary perspective, see Bull (2008).

References

  • Bull, J.J. (2008). Patterns in phage experimental adaptation. In: Abedon, S.T. (ed.) Bacteriophage Ecology: Population Growth, Evolution, and Impact of Bacterial Viruses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 217–248. 10.1017/CBO9780511541483.012
  • Abedon, S.T. (2025). Phage therapy annotated glossary. Preprints.org. 10.20944/preprints202508.0347.v1

How to cite this page

Abedon, S.T. (2026). Phage Terms. https://terms.phage.org  ·  10.5281/zenodo.20173633

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